Yayin da sabon coronavirus ke yaduwa a duniya, hankalin mutane kan kiwon lafiya ya kai matakin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba. Musamman ma, yuwuwar barazanar sabon coronavirus ga huhu da sauran gabobin numfashi suna sa lura da lafiyar yau da kullun musamman mahimmanci. Dangane da wannan bangon, kayan aikin oximeter na bugun jini yana ƙara haɗawa cikin rayuwar yau da kullun na mutane kuma ya zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don lura da lafiyar gida.
Don haka, kun san wanene wanda ya kirkiro na'urar bugun jini na zamani?
Kamar ci gaban kimiyya da yawa, na'urar bugun jini ta zamani ba ita ce ƙwaƙƙwaran wasu hazaka kaɗai ba. An fara daga ra'ayi na farko, mai raɗaɗi, jinkirin da rashin amfani a cikin tsakiyar 1800s, kuma ya wuce fiye da karni, yawancin masana kimiyya da injiniyoyin likita sun ci gaba da samun ci gaba na fasaha wajen auna matakan oxygen na jini, suna ƙoƙari don Ba da sauri, šaukuwa da maras kyau. -invasive bugun jini oximetry hanya.
1840 Haemoglobin, wanda ke ɗauke da kwayoyin oxygen a cikin jini, an gano
A tsakiyar karni na 1800, masana kimiyya sun fara fahimtar yadda jikin dan adam ke sha iskar oxygen da rarraba shi a cikin jiki.
A cikin 1840, Friedrich Ludwig Hunefeld, memba na Jamus Biochemical Society, ya gano tsarin crystal wanda yake ɗaukar iskar oxygen a cikin jini, don haka shuka tsaba na oximetry na zamani.
A cikin 1864 Felix Hoppe-Seyler ya ba wa waɗannan sifofi na sihiri sunansu, haemoglobin. Binciken Hope-Thaylor game da haemoglobin ya jagoranci masanin lissafin Irish-British kuma masanin kimiyya George Gabriel Stokes don yin nazarin "rage pigmentary da oxidation na sunadarai a cikin jini."
A cikin 1864, George Gabriel Stokes da Felix Hoppe-Seyler sun gano sakamako daban-daban na iskar oxygen da matalaucin jini a ƙarƙashin haske.
Gwaje-gwajen da George Gabriel Stokes da Felix Hoppe-Seyler suka yi a shekara ta 1864 sun sami shaidar gani da ido na haemoglobin da ke daure da iskar oxygen. Sun lura:
Jinin mai wadatar iskar oxygen (haemoglobin oxygenated) yana bayyana ja ceri mai haske a ƙarƙashin haske, yayin da jini mara ƙarancin oxygen (haemoglobin mara iskar oxygen) ya bayyana duhu shuɗi-ja. Samfurin jini ɗaya zai canza launi lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa nau'ikan iskar oxygen daban-daban. Jinin mai wadatar iskar oxygen yana bayyana ja mai haske, yayin da jini mara ƙarancin iskar oxygen ya bayyana mai zurfi-ja. Wannan canjin launi yana faruwa ne saboda canje-canje a cikin halayen shaye-shaye na haemoglobin lokacin da suka haɗu da ko kuma suka rabu da iskar oxygen. Wannan binciken yana ba da shaida kai tsaye don aikin ɗaukar iskar oxygen na jini kuma ya kafa harsashin kimiyya don haɗuwa da haemoglobin da oxygen.
Amma a lokacin Stokes da Hope-Taylor suna gudanar da gwaje-gwajen su, hanya daya tilo don auna matakan iskar oxygen da majiyyaci shine har yanzu a dauki samfurin jini a tantance shi. Wannan hanyar tana da zafi, cin zarafi, kuma tana jinkirin ba likitoci isasshen lokaci don yin aiki da bayanan da take bayarwa. Kuma duk wata hanya ta cin zarafi ko shiga tsakani tana da yuwuwar haifar da kamuwa da cuta, musamman a lokacin yankan fata ko sandunan allura. Wannan kamuwa da cuta na iya faruwa a cikin gida ko kuma ya yadu ya zama kamuwa da cuta. don haka kai ga likita
hatsarin magani.
A shekara ta 1935, likitan Jamus Karl Matthes ya ƙirƙira wani oximeter wanda ke haskaka jinin da ke kunnen kunne da tsayi biyu.
Likitan nan dan kasar Jamus Karl Matthes ya kirkiro wata na'ura a shekara ta 1935 wadda ke makale a kunnen majiyyaci kuma cikin sauki za ta iya haskawa cikin jinin mara lafiya. Da farko, an yi amfani da launuka biyu na haske, kore da ja, don gano kasancewar haemoglobin mai iskar oxygen, amma Irin waɗannan na'urori suna da fasaha da fasaha, amma suna da iyakacin amfani saboda suna da wahalar daidaitawa kuma kawai suna ba da yanayin jikewa maimakon cikakken sakamako.
Mai ƙirƙira kuma masanin ilimin lissafi Glenn Millikan ya ƙirƙiri oximeter na farko mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin 1940s.
Ba'amurke mai ƙirƙira kuma masanin ilimin lissafi Glenn Millikan ya ƙirƙira na'urar kai wanda ya zama sananne da oximeter na farko. Ya kuma kirkiro kalmar "oximetry."
An kirkiri na'urar ne domin biyan bukatar na'urar da za a iya amfani da ita ga matukan jirgin yakin yakin duniya na biyu wadanda a wasu lokuta sukan tashi zuwa tudu masu fama da yunwar iskar oxygen. Ana amfani da oximeters na kunnen Millikan da farko a cikin jirgin soja.
1948-1949: Earl Wood ya inganta oximeter na Millikan
Wani abin da Millikan ya yi biris da shi a cikin na’urarsa shi ne bukatar da ke akwai na tara jini mai yawa a cikin kunne.
Likitan Mayo Clinic Earl Wood ya kirkiro na'urar oximetry da ke amfani da karfin iska don tilasta ƙarin jini a cikin kunne, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin ingantattun karatu mai inganci a cikin ainihin lokaci. Wannan naúrar kai wani ɓangare ne na tsarin oximeter na kunnen itace wanda aka yi talla a cikin 1960s.
1964: Robert Shaw ya ƙirƙira farkon cikakken karatun oximeter
Robert Shaw, wani likitan fiɗa a San Francisco, ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙara ƙarin tsawon tsawon haske zuwa oximeter, yana inganta hanyar gano asali na Matisse na yin amfani da tsawon tsawon haske biyu.
Na'urar Shaw ta ƙunshi nau'ikan haske guda takwas, wanda ke ƙara ƙarin bayanai zuwa oximeter don ƙididdige matakan jini na oxygen. Ana ɗaukar wannan na'urar a matsayin cikakken karantawa na farko oximeter.
1970: Hewlett-Packard ya ƙaddamar da oximeter na farko na kasuwanci
An yi la'akari da oximeter na Shaw mai tsada, mai girma, kuma dole ne a motsa shi daga daki zuwa daki a asibiti. Duk da haka, yana nuna cewa ka'idodin pulse oximetry suna da fahimta sosai don sayarwa a cikin fakitin kasuwanci.
Hewlett-Packard ya sayar da oximeter na kunne mai tsayi takwas a cikin 1970s kuma ya ci gaba da bayar da oximeters na bugun jini.
1972-1974: Takuo Aoyagi ya haɓaka sabon ka'ida na pulse oximeter
Yayin da yake binciken hanyoyin inganta na'urar da ke auna kwararar jini na jijiya, injiniyan kasar Japan Takuo Aoyagi ya yi tuntube kan wani binciken da ke da matukar tasiri ga wata matsala: pulse oximetry. Ya gane cewa matakin iskar oxygenation a cikin jinin jijiya kuma ana iya auna ta ta hanyar bugun bugun zuciya.
Takuo Aoyagi ya gabatar da wannan ka'ida ga mai aikin sa Nihon Kohden, wanda daga baya ya ƙera oximeter OLV-5100. An ƙaddamar da na'urar a cikin 1975, ana ɗaukar na'urar a matsayin oximeter na kunne na farko a duniya bisa ka'idar Aoyagi na bugun jini. Na'urar ba nasara ce ta kasuwanci ba kuma an yi watsi da bayanansa na ɗan lokaci. Masanin binciken Jafananci Takuo Aoyagi ya shahara wajen haɗa "pulse" a cikin pulse oximetry ta hanyar amfani da siginar motsin bugun jini don aunawa da ƙididdige SpO2. Ya fara ba da rahoton aikin tawagarsa a shekarar 1974. Ana kuma dauke shi a matsayin wanda ya kirkiro na'urar bugun jini ta zamani.
A cikin 1977, an haifi OXIMET Met 1471 na farko yatsa.
Daga baya, Masaichiro Konishi da Akio Yamanishi na Minolta sun ba da shawara irin wannan. A cikin 1977, Minolta ya ƙaddamar da oximeter na farko na yatsa, OXIMET Met 1471, wanda ya fara kafa sabuwar hanyar auna bugun jini tare da yatsa.
A shekara ta 1987, an fi sanin Aoyagi a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiri oximeter na zamani. Aoyagi ya yi imani da "haɓaka fasahar sa ido mara cin zarafi" don kulawa da haƙuri. Na'urorin bugun jini na zamani sun haɗa da wannan ka'ida, kuma na'urorin yau suna da sauri da rashin zafi ga marasa lafiya.
1983 Nellcor ta farko bugun jini oximeter
A cikin 1981, masanin maganin sa barci William New da abokan aiki biyu sun kafa wani sabon kamfani mai suna Nellcor. Sun saki oximeter su na farko a 1983 mai suna Nellcor N-100. Nellcor ya ba da gudummawar ci gaba a cikin fasahar semiconductor don yin kasuwanci irin na oximeters na yatsa. Ba wai kawai N-100 daidai yake ba kuma yana iya ɗaukar nauyi, yana kuma haɗa sabbin abubuwa a cikin fasahar oximetry na bugun jini, musamman ma'anar ji wanda ke nuna ƙimar bugun jini da SpO2.
Na zamani miniaturized tip bugun bugun jini oximeter
Pulse oximeters sun daidaita da kyau ga matsalolin da yawa waɗanda zasu iya tasowa yayin ƙoƙarin auna matakan jinin majiyyaci. Suna amfana sosai daga raguwar girman kwakwalwan kwamfuta, yana ba su damar yin nazarin hasken haske da bayanan bugun zuciya da aka karɓa a cikin ƙananan fakiti. Ci gaban dijital kuma yana ba injiniyoyin likita damar yin gyare-gyare da haɓakawa don haɓaka daidaiton karatun oximeter na bugun jini.
Kammalawa
Lafiya shine arziki na farko a rayuwa, kuma pulse oximeter shine mai kula da lafiya a kusa da ku. Zaɓi oximeter ɗin mu kuma sanya lafiya a yatsanku! Bari mu mai da hankali kan kula da iskar oxygen na jini da kare lafiyar kanmu da danginmu!
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-13-2024
